Page 39 - 《社会》2024年第6期

社会·2024·6

system（zhengtong） and the ethical system（daotong） are much more fundamental
than others as the theoretical foundation for the formation of the dual鄄track politics.
The various tensions within the dual-track system were thoroughly manifested in the
Zeng Guofan family’s involvement in local affairs in Xiangxiang. Zeng wanted to
separate the double tracks， and expected his family to follow the ethical system in
local affairs but his family did not share his view. Zeng Guohuang（his brother） had
actively expanded his family’s wealth and power， disregarding Zeng Guofan’s
repeated pleads not to be in collusion with the local officials’ private interests， and
practically laying down a base for the linkage between the political and ethical
systems. It was due to the ideas and actions of Zeng brothers that important events
such as Zeng Linshu’s （Zeng’s father） involvement in helping collecting tax and
his call on an upright official Zhu Shiqiao’s stay could have occurred. Thus， with
Zhu’s dedication to serve people， a gentry and a government official had formed
the kind of corporation that transcended the separation of the political and the ethic
systems. In the structure of dual鄄track politics， theory and practice， national and
local， private and public interest， are in tension with each other. The relationship
between the state and the gentry in different times manifested differently in this
tension structure. What Fei Xiaotong called the occlusion of politics in the Republic
of China seemed to refer to a blockage of the passage between the top and the
bottom， but the root of it in fact was the total loss of two sides separation of the
dual鄄track and its internal tension. In this sense， Fei Xiaotong’s discussion of the
politics of the Republic of China is an important contribution to the continuity of the
spirit of the“dual鄄track”.
Keywords：Zeng Guofan， the dual鄄track system， the political system and the
ethical system， self鄄governance， Fei Xiaotong

一、 先行研究与问题的提出

（一）问题引出
又闻四弟六弟言父亲大人近来常到省城县城， 曾为蒋市
街曾家说坟山事、长寿庵和尚说命案事，此虽积德之举，然亦
是干预公事。 侄现在京四品，外放即是臬司。 凡乡绅管公事，地
方官无不衔恨。 无论有理无理，苟非己事，皆不宜与闻。 地方官
外面应酬，心实鄙薄，设或敢于侮慢，则侄腼然为官而不能免

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