Page 73 - 《社会》2024年第6期

社会·2024·6

Xun’s“How Shall We Be Fathers Now” not only focused on father鄄son ethics， but
also represented the worldview and historical consciousness of the May Fourth
revolutionaries. Inspired by Nietzsche and the theory of biological evolution， Lu
Xun asked the “father” to utilize subjective initiatives and advocated for the
“position of the youngster”. At the same time， Lu Xun emphasized the significance
of social transformation for the reconstruction of the family， and his understanding
of “society” was further related to the decline of nationalism and the rise of the
consciousness of “humanity” after the First World War. Lu Xun’s emphasis on
“love” carried forward the context of the family revolution in the late Qing， and it
also reflected the influence from Japanese Birchen writers such as Saneatsu
Mushakoji and Arishima Takeo， etc. He tried to counter the increasingly rigid and
formalized rituals since the Ming and Qing Dynasties， thus breaking through the
inherent paradox of filial piety. Lu Xun criticized the traditional father鄄son ethics as
being infested with authoritarianism and utilitarianism， and had long since lost its
intrinsic value. In this regard， he advocated for a return to the natural， humane
and sensual dimension of ethics， and extended the temporal direction of the future
in an optimistic imagination of life evolution. Lu Xun reframed the father鄄son ethics
with life as its essence， which made his revolutionary discourse on the family
subversive， but also created a dilemma for the individual in his overarching vision.
In general， Lu Xun responded to the propositions of the times with his own
experiences and his identity as a“father”， presenting a dialogue as well as tension
between the past and the present. Among other things， his emphasis on the
initiative of father鄄son ethics and his imagination of a mutually supportive society
are still instructive for today’s discussions on family issues.
Keywords：Lu Xun，How Shall We Be Fathers Now， father鄄son ethics，May 4th，
family revolution

一、 引言

在当代中国社会转型中，家庭再次成为学界关注的焦点。 如果将家
庭问题与中国现代性的展开这一总体历史进程联系起来，那么，如今对
家庭的讨论既与清末民初家庭革命的呼声遥相呼应， 又在新的语境中
表达了与后者不同的理念与追求。 面对古今中西的多重挤压，一百年多
年前的革命者将革命对象最终锁定为家庭问题，并强调“伦理的觉悟”
乃“吾人最后觉悟之最后觉悟”（陈独秀，1987a：41），家庭革命由此成为

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