Page 196 - 《社会》2022年第6期

时间之窗与时间之创

experience. From the perspective of life course， based on the 2018 China Labor
Force Dynamics Survey（CLDS）， this study analyzes the time effect of the childhood left鄄
behind experience on the subjective well鄄being of adulthood in four aspects:
cumulative length of left鄄behind， length after left鄄behind experience terminated，
stages of being left鄄behind and different guardianship of left鄄behind. The results
show that first， the experience of left鄄behind has a long鄄term negative impact on
the subjective well鄄being of individuals， and shows a “double time effect”， that
is， on the one hand， the longer the cumulative time of left鄄behind， the greater the
negative impact in adulthood； on the other hand， the increase of the length of the
post鄄left鄄behind period does not correspond to the increase of subjective well鄄being
in adulthood. Second， the negative impact shows a reversed increasing characteristic
of left鄄behind at age of junior middle school < at age of primary school < at age of
preschool， indicating that the preschool stage is the“key window” affecting adulthood
most critically. Third， regardless of the stage， single鄄parent and grandparent custody
present negative impact on individuals with the former worse than the later.
Finally， the propensity score matching method applied in the paper verifies the
robustness of the impact of childhood left鄄behind experiences at all stages on individual
subjective well鄄being in adulthood. This study confirms the enduring effects of
childhood experiences on subjective well鄄being in adulthood， and reveals the
duration effect， time window effect， and guardianship effect of childhood experiences.
Keywords：left鄄behind experience，subjective well鄄being，Time Effect，Stage of
Being Left鄄Behind，Custody Effect

一、 前言

改革开放以来，中国的社会经济快速发展，人民的物质生活日益富
足，人们关心的重点逐渐从对物质文化的需要转为对美好生活的需要。
幸福感是人们对生活质量的自我评价，具有主观性、积极性和综合性的
特点（Diener，2000）。 总体来看，影响个体幸福感的因素主要包括两方
面：一是教育程度、财富状况、健康水平等个体性因素（邢占军，2011；黄
嘉文，2013）；二是过往经历、所处时代变迁等结构性因素（Yang，2008；
曾迪洋、洪岩璧，2016）。 换言之，个体当下的幸福感不仅受当前主客观
条件的制约，也受过往人生经历的影响。“留守”作为一种童年经历，可
能是影响个体成年后幸福感的重要因素。

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