Page 140 - 《社会》2022年第6期

再造微笑：实践知识在唇腭裂治疗中的生成

specific aspects of practical knowledge production in the treatment of cleft lip and palate
（CLP）. Based on our fieldwork and in鄄depth interviews, this paper finds that as the
meta鄄theme of cleft lip and palate treatment normalization is the goal to“create a normal
face and reconstruct a normal life” for CLP patients. The sequential treatment method for
cleft lip and palate in China， influenced by the western concepts， is a gradually
localised “standard” treatment paradigm that stipulates the necessity of intervention in
the socialization process of child development in addition to the treatment in order to
rebuild normal life in the future. This normative therapeutic paradigm generates different
aspects in the specific practice process. On the one hand， centering on facial
reconstructive surgeries， Knowledge鄄in鄄Practice of CLP treatment aims to build normal
faces for the patients. It facilitates two body techniques in situated medical treatment 鄄
nursing massage and language therapy. These two techniques jointly shape the patients’
visible body and functional body and thereby “normalise” patients. On the other hand，
as the treatment progresses and CLP children grow， the goal of“reconstructing a normal
life” becomes prominent in the intervention. It embodies the other aspect of knowledge鄄
in鄄Practice of CLP treatment： “normal life” means to follow the development trajectories
of ordinary children but also explore the bodily values of individuals with CLP. It
encourages CLP children to cultivate individual specialties and win peer competitions in
order to copy with the strong uncertainty of the future of CLP individuals. During the
processes of routinizing treatment into everyday life and medicalizing parenting
practice， the application of normative medical knowledge extends from medical settings
to social life， and medical knowledge transforms into socialized knowledge as well. This
paper attempts to bridge the gap between medical knowledge and practice， and between
biology and society. It reevaluates the multi鄄dimensional， dynamic and value鄄related
therapeutic practice so as to reflect on the action logic of each subject behind the
treatment and the process of knowledge production. Finally， it enriches the empirical
research on “marginalized bodies” from the perspective of medical sociology.
Keywords：knowledge鄄in鄄practice， cleft lip and palate treatment， body， parenting

一、 导论

（一）背景与问题
唇腭裂，坊间又称“兔唇”与“狼咽”，是口腔颌面部最常见的先天
畸形之一（ World Health Organization，2022），根据统计，唇腭裂在中国的

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