Page 146 - 《社会》2021年第2期

“末日重建”与走下神坛的女英雄

tion” a contradiction that is both separate and interdependent. One of the significant
consequences brought by this is to re鄄establish the responsibilities and boundaries of
production and reproduction between modern state, market， family， and gender. After
the genocide of 1994， Rwanda has made world鄄renowned achievements in advancing
gender equality， especially women’s participation in politics. It is the “double full鄄
time producers” model that continuously sustain this huge achievement， which means
that female leaders not only bear the high鄄demanding production responsibility
comparable to men， but also undertake heavy social reproduction labor. The public
policy of Rwanda has assumed a dual role in this process: on the one hand， the state has
promulgated a series of gender equality bills， policies， and measures from top to bottom
to actively promote women’s equal rights in various fields， especially political
participation； On the other hand， under the background of severe labor shortage and
insufficient public care facilities after the genocide， the Rwandan government has
maintained and strengthened the responsibility of private family for social reproduction，
while the traditional family structure and community culture’s share of reproduction
responsibility has been irreversibly weakened during the conflict and modernization
process. While these female leaders rely on their individual strategies and informal
social support systems to cope with the dual burden， they still face scrutiny and doubts
from the community culture. The consensus on the destiny of the country’s development
and the sharing of historical responsibilities demonstrated by the Rwandan female
leaders have many similarities with the Chinese Women’s Liberation Movement， which
also provides important inspiration and reference for us to rethinking the path of
women’s liberation characterized by economic independence and “the supremacy of
production”.
Keywords： state ， gender ， family ， modernization ， production鄄reproduction

Ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga
当最坏的那一天来临，女英雄将引领卢旺达走向胜利！ （意译）
— 1
——卢旺达谚语
1. Ndabaga 在卢旺达历史上类似于中国花木兰的传说。 由于没有 兄弟，女 英雄 Ndabaga
女扮男装走上战场，替父征战。 这句谚语的原意是“情形已经到了如此危急的时刻”，并
没有太多 的性别 意涵。 后 来， 人们 将那些 加 入 军 队 阻 止 大 屠 杀 的 女 性 士 兵 群 体 称 作
Ndabaga，这个谚语也被重新赋予了女性参与拯救危机的意涵。

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