Page 87 - 《社会》2021年第1期

社会·2021·1

process of from pilot trials to official implementation （congdian daomian “point 鄄to鄄
surface”）. This paper examines a science and technology policy case study by analyzing
discourse networks to reveal how the experiences of a single trial could become“best
practices” in the process of discourse dissemination. We notice that once the pilot
experiment is told，it enters a complex discursive construction process. First，there is a
dynamic construction process of the pilot experiment by discourse variation and
intertextuality. On the one hand，pilot trial units，mass media，and academic experts
engage in interpreting the experiment according to their own editing rules. On the other
hand，through interactions among various interpretations over the period of expanding
policy implementation，a discourse consensus on policy knowledge would gradually
emerge，which is then adopted as official policy discourse. Second，the study explores
the impact of different editing rules on the construction and diffusion of policy
knowledge，the discursive order and rules that make up the interpretive framework of
policy knowledge，as well as the complexity of social practices behind the process of
intertextuality. Lastly，the study offers a new perspective explaining why sometimes
policy experimentation fails to be widely adopted. When the discursive interpretation
becomes so essential to the construction of pilot experiences，it may lead to the actual
lessons being lost in translation. By introducing a new research angle of discourse，this
study provides some new insights on the studies of policy experimentation and policy
knowledge.
Keywords：policy experimentation ， policy knowledge ， constructivism ， translation ，
discourse network analysis

一、问题的提出：作为政策知识的试点经验

作为一种独具特色的“基础性制度”，政策试验吸引了 社会学 、政
治学、政策科学等领域众多学者的关注，同时也被认为是中国政府适
应快速变化的国内外环境、促进经济发展和提升公共治理绩效的关键
（ Heilmann，2008a；朱旭峰、张友浪，2015；陈那波、蔡荣，2017）。 这种基
于地方试点和创新再由中央进行顶层设计并 推 广 的 政 策 过 程 被 形 象
地总结为“以点到面”，并被运用在经济发展（ Heilmann，2008b）、科技创
新（ Heilmann，et al.，2013）、社会服务（朱旭峰、赵慧，2016）和公共卫生
（王绍光，2008）等广泛的政策领域。

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