Page 196 - 《社会》2025年第4期
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代际关系视角下的单位变迁:以中部 X 县的行政单位为例
workers (children of employees) by securing funding quotas and administrative
allocations. During this period, the intergenerational relationships within Danwei had
familial characteristics, centered around formal and informal interactions between
“first鄄generation workers” and “second鄄generation workers (Zidi)”. This led to
the formation of a compound authority structure where kinship and formal
institutions were interwoven, maintaining effective functioning of Danwei. However,
since the turn of the 21st Century, after the retirement of the old workers and the
personnel system reform, the“Zidi Danwei” gradually declined, and Danwei began
a process of“de鄄kinship” transformation. The“second鄄generation workers(Zidi)”
and the “third鄄generation workers (students)” no longer engaged in“quasi鄄
family” interactions, reversing the intergenerational status, breaking the compound
authority structure before, and also shaping the new behaviors and norms of
Danwei. Across both historical phases, intergenerational relationship remained
pervasively embedded in the organizational functioning of Danwei, continuously
shaping the evolution of its formal and informal institutions.The intergenerational
relationship forms the mores which functions formal institutions. It is also an
important perspective to study Danwei in the future.
Keywords:Danwei, intergenerational relationship, authority structure, mores,
organizational change
1985 年,费孝通先生在内蒙古考察包头钢铁基地时发现,伴随着单
位职工代际的更迭,工业企业内部出现了明显的“亲属化”趋势。
包钢建成近 30 年,职工已进入第二代,甚至第三代。 由于
封闭,职工子女的婚姻与就业问题,都得由包钢本身解决,不
断内婚和顶替的结果,很多车间已结成为亲属网络。 (费 孝 通 ,
2014:175)
……用亲属原则来经营我们的企业, 甚至其他社会机构,
恐怕在全国具有一定的普遍性,近亲繁殖的现象显然不限于边
区一隅。 这是一个值得深入研究的课题。 (费孝通,2014:185)
费老的观察提示了一个理解单位组织的重要思路, 即单位职工的
1
代际关系 以及由此生发的单位民情。 改革开放以来,单位组织的变迁与
1. 社会学对于代际关系有两种不同性质的理解: 在家庭研究领域, 代际关系常用来指
不同代的亲属间的关系,强调不同代之间的互动;对代际关系的另一种理解则 (转下页)
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