Page 72 - 《社会》2025年第2期

跨越科层边界的重组：制造业劳务外包模式的运行机制

market flexibility. This paper takes the standpoint of factories participating in labor
outsourcing and examines by participatory observation how restructuring across
bureaucratic boundaries occurs and develops. The research shows that factories and
labor service companies are reorganized into a network organization of business
docking， dual management and cross鄄crossing on the basis of open bureaucratic
boundaries. The network responds to the employment uncertainty in two ways. On
the one hand， the authorities open the vertical integration mechanism， set up labor
coordination system of job matching from three aspects：mixing job placement， job
adjustment， and personnel screening. While incorporating temporary workers into
the assembly line， it opens up a coordination space that flexibly adjusts outsourcing
jobs according to the actual situation of temporary workers. On the other hand， the
bureaucracy opens up a horizontal extension mechanism to build an orderly
temporary labor environment from three aspects: the paid opening of trial rights， the
seamless operation of the position refill and the classification arrangement of the end
of the construction period. While allowing temporary workers to freely enter and
leave the factory， it ensures the stability and control of the factory production order.
As a result， the manufacturing labor outsourcing model has the characteristics of
controllable flexibility. Simultaneously， a controlled group of flexible workers is also
produced as a tool for the manufacturing industry to cope with the uncertainty of
employment environment.
Keywords：laboroutsourcing ， temporary employment ， network organization ，
bureaucracies and markets ， reorganization

一、 问题的提出

自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，灵活积累的“后福特主义”重组了资本主
义生产组织形式，诱发了以片断化生产、工序化贸易和离岸外包为核心
的“外包革命”（曾铮，2009）， 从而在全球范围内形成包括跨国公司、正
式工厂、非正式工厂、家庭代工等在内的分散生产体系。 外包制打破了
“福特制工厂”的固化层级架构（谢国雄，1991），标准化大规模生产组织
的边缘出现软化，劳动关系、工作场所和工作时间开始富有弹性，劳动
力市场由此分裂为主要劳动力市场和次要劳动力市场， 后者生产出非
全日制、临时或转包等多种形式的外包岗位（哈维，2013；贝克，2018）。

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