Page 65 - 《社会》2025年第1期

社会·2025·1

and observations of people living with HIV（PLWH）， this article uses“normal” as
a core concept to explore how antiretroviral therapy （ART） is involved in the
construction of the daily lives of PLWH through the creation of “normalcy”， and
how these people cope with a standardized “normal life” through their own life
practices. In this process， the HIV governance system considers the creation of a
“normal body” that conforms to medical standards as its primary goal to ensure the
overall safety of society with ART as a normalizing and transforming means for
infected people. To this end， the governance system utilizes ethics and law to frame
the acceptance of ART as the responsibility and obligation of PLWH that will lead
them to a “normal future”. This has made accepting ART a spontaneous choice for
the infected individuals. However， when the “normality” envisioned by people
living with HIV clashes with what the governance system seeks to impose， various
difficulties arose in their lives. The governance system sees these aberrations as a
necessary path to “normalcy”， thus the infected person must endure them in order
to“live a normal life”. PLWH must have wondered what“normal life” is for， but
in order to continue their treatment， they must construct a version of “normal life”
that differs from the norm， or even deviates from it according to the logic of their
own life， which is inevitably full of the traces of medicine and technology.
Keywords： human immunodeficiency virus，normal，daily life，antiretroviral therapy

一、 引言

世界卫生组织的专家预测， 如无有效措施， 到一九九一
年，全世界将有五千万至一亿人感染艾滋病毒，其中百分之十
至百分之三十的人将在两年内丧生。 因此，中国和亚洲有一些
艾滋病例较少或尚未发现的国家绝不可盲目乐观。 （宋晓男、
陈方明，1987：46）
越来越多的证据证明，HIV 感染者可以过上普通人一样的
生活，工作、学习、恋爱，生育，活到足够老。 面对艾滋病的污名
1
之墙，“ U=U” 似乎在科学上给出一记有力的拳头，因为现在只

1.“Undetectable = Untransmittable”，即“检测不到等于无法传播”。 该概念的具体脉络可
见本文第三部分的讨论。

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