Page 216 - 《社会》2024年第4期

“农转非”人口政府照护责任认知的特征及其生成机制

of household registration reforms，hundreds of millions of people in China have
gone through the process of “rural鄄to鄄urba” residential migration. An in鄄depth
discussion on their welfare attitudes would not only help to fill the gap in research
on the subjective characteristics of this group but also broaden the discussion on the
relationship between welfare attitudes，the welfare system，and population migration.
An empirical analysis on CGSS data reveals that significant and consistent
differences exist between rural鄄to鄄urban migrants and local residents on the
perceptions of government welfare responsibilities. The previous rural life experience
has shaped the welfare ethic of rural鄄to鄄urban migrants that tends to assume more
responsibility for their own well鄄being. The “life event” of cross鄄system migration
leads to more positive outlooks of social and personal development，inhibiting their
expectation for the government to take care of them. Among migrants，cognitive
difference exists between those who made rural to urban conversion under“policy
programs”and those by their own choice and action.
The study brings the following insights：The gradual improvement of China’s
welfare system，as well as the fact that cross鄄system migration increases the
variability of welfare attitudes and the complexity of formation mechanisms，have
made it questionable of the theoretical value of researches that attempt to determine
the boundaries of the government’s responsibility for welfare with the help of
foreign viewpoints on welfare. Policymakers need to take into account the objective
level of welfare provisionand continue to improve public wellbeing. At the same
time，the research of welfare attitudes needs to go further from tracking explicit
preferences to interpreting their ethical core，so as to provide intellectual support for
the profound connection between welfare system design and welfare ethics，and to
promote the development of welfare policies with Chinese characteristics.
Keywords： rural鄄to鄄urban migration，welfare attitude，welfare ethics，welfare system，
government care responsibility perception

一、 引言

随着改革开放以来对城乡人口流动的限制逐渐放开， 中国城镇常
住人口数持续增加，2023 年，常住人口城镇化率已达 66.16%。 1 在经济

1. 参见《中华人民共和国 2023 年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》，国家统计局，2024 年
2 月 29 日，https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202402/t20240228_1947915.html。

· 209·