Page 26 - 《社会》2023年第2期
P. 26

修身、成圣与革命:五四时期道德主义者的激进化

                   members is of great significance to our understanding of the localization of social
                   changes. Existing studies mostly present Yun Daiying as a moralist intellectual
                   influenced by Confucian ethics. However,following this line of thought,it is
                   difficult for us to understand why Yun Daiying turned from a moderate moralist
                   activist into a radical revolutionary. This paper argues that Yun Daiying’s
                   radicalization comes from the combined effect of both Wang Yang鄄min’s philosophy
                   and Christian socialism,which enables him to develop a moral cognition common
                   with communists,and an inherent affinity with Bolshevism. The dilemma of his
                   moral commitment impels him to go for mass political activities to implement his
                   unfinished moral ideals in a new way. Yun Daiying’s early experience shows us the
                   moral confusion faced by intellectuals with Confucian background when facing the
                   modern political order in the transitional era and their expectations to bridge the
                   tension between “morality” and “politics”. This helps us to understand the moral
                   preferences of the Chinese communist revolution,and the modern transformation of
                   Confucian China.
                   Keywords:morality,politics,Wang Yang鄄ming’s School of mind,Christian socialism,
                   communist revolution




                    一、 问题的提出


                    五四运动由旨在救亡的“学生爱国运动”与旨在启蒙的“新文化运
                动”两部分构成,20 世纪初的中国见证了“救亡”压倒“启蒙”、“政治”压
                倒“文化”的历史大趋势(李泽厚,2008;汪晖,2009)。既有研究基本支持
                以下叙事:五四运动中“启蒙”的一面带来了马克思主义的传播,五四知
                识分子创办的各种学生社团则为中国共产党的建立提供了一定的组织基
                础(石川桢浩,2022;van de Ven,1992)。 在这一叙事中,恽代英(1895—
                1931)是一个既表现出普遍性,又具有特殊性的五四知识分子。 一方面,
                恽代英参与到五四的结社热潮中,他组织的“互助社”和“利群书社”推
                动了新文化运动在武汉地区的传播,并在 1922 年后成为中国共产党在
                武汉地区发育的中心之一(Rahav,2015;王龙飞,2016)。 这些五四时期
                的社团与中共的联系不仅在于组织, 还在于内在伦理。 徐 晓 宏(Xu,
                2013)发现,“新民学会”“利群书社”等强调道德践履的社团的伦理(group
                ethos)与布尔什维克主义产生了“选择性亲和关系”(elective affinity)。 他认


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