Page 169 - 《社会》2022年第4期
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社会·2022·4
reform in China, corruption has shown an upward tendency. This has led the public as
well as some scholars believe that marketization is the cause of corruption and thus
question its legitimacy. Based on the examination of 3 843 corruption cases from 1993 to
2013, this paper concludes that half鄄hearted incomplete market reforms not only
increase the probability but also the severity of corruption. However, once the reform
programs ended, the corruption activities were also significantly reduced. A series of
heterogeneity and placebo tests provide further support to this conclusion. The above
findings imply that the institutional root of corruption in the process of marketisation lies
in incomplete or half鄄hearted reforms rather than marketisation itself. Therefore, only by
adhering to market鄄oriented reforms can we gradually eliminate the ground for rent鄄
seeking and thus effectively curb corruption. The conclusion of this paper provides an
empirical basis for the connection between deepening marketization reforms and the
anti鄄corruption struggle since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Keywords:marketization reform, corruption, resource allocation
一、 前言
腐败问题不仅阻碍经济发展,也危害政府治理的质量,甚至还会影
响政治稳定。 腐败问题通过多种机制产生负面影响:从经济方面来说,
腐败盛行的社会环境会促使企业通过行贿而非提高生产率来最大化其
利润,其结果是降低投资,抑制创新并扭曲资源配置( Lambsdorff,2003;
Dal Bó and Rossi,2007;Paunov,2016;Rose鄄Ackerman and Palifka,2016;
Zeume,2017;Agarwal,et al.,2020); 从治理方面来说, 腐败通过扭曲公
共支出和政策制定降低了政府效率及公众支持, 危害治理质量( Della
Porta,2000;Lambsdorff,2005;Morris and Klesner,2010;Mironov and Zhuravskaya,
2016;Liu,et al.,2017;Brierley,2020)。 针对转型国家研究的文献认为,
缺 少 市 场 竞 争 是 导 致 腐 败 问 题 频 繁 出 现 的 重 要 原 因( Treisman,2000;
Goel and Nelson,2005;Gerring and Thacker,2005;Alexeev and Song,2013;
Bennett,et al.,2013),这意味着,进行市场化改革并发挥市场而非权力
在资源配置中的作用,能够在一定程度上遏制腐败问题。 然而,我们注
意到,自中国经济市场化改革以来,腐败案例呈现增长趋势:全国各级
法院审结的贪污贿赂案件从 1989 年 的 1.6 万 件 增 加 到 2017 年 的 5.6
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