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社会·2022·4
非自主回忆：普鲁斯特 社会
2022·4
CJS
论个体记忆的社会性 第 42 卷
刘亚秋
摘 要：哈布瓦赫集体记忆理论提供了“社会性”的视角，但没能深描个体创造
社会的过程。普鲁斯特的记忆理论虽然也包含“社会性”维度，但并没有止步于
此，而是呈现出社会与个体混融的社会形象，其中，不仅有社会的限制和引导
二重性，还有个体的主动适应和创造：社会也内在于个体，个体也非纯粹的心
理学意义上的个体，个体的创造离不开社会环境。 这源于主客融合的立场，在
这一视点下，普鲁斯特的社会形象不是二重性，而是多重的，甚至有无限可能。
社会是在个体创造过程中的产物，在这一过程中，社会呈现出丰富的形象，社
会的无限可能性蕴含在个体的创造过程中。
关键词：普鲁斯特 哈布瓦赫 非自主回忆 集体记忆 个体记忆
Involuntary Memory: Proust’s Thought on the Sociality of
Individual Memory
LIU Yaqiu
Abstract： The purpose of this paper is to discuss the sociality of Proust’s individual
memory focusing on “involuntary memory”， as well as his theory on the relationship
between society and individuals and its implications for sociological paradigms.
“Sociality” comes from the perspective provided by Halbwach’s theory of collective
memory， a dimension that is also included in Proust’s theory of memory， reflected
typically in Proust’s recollection of his grandmother. But Proust’s memory theory does
not stop there. This is manifested in the fact that under the tradition of Durkheim，
Halbwach’s theory of memory cannot describe in depth the process of how individuals
create society. Nevertheless， the social image presented in Proust’s memory theory is a
blending of society and individual， including not just the duality of social restriction and
guidance， but also the active adaptation and creation of individuals. This means that
* 作者： 刘亚秋 中国社会科学院社会发展战略研究院 （Author：LIU Yaqiu，National Institute of
Social Development，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences）E-mail：yaqiuliu@163.com
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