Page 174 - 《社会》2021年第6期

商品世界的物质装置与价值斗争：法国经济社会学的“再市场化”

cannot be reduced to social space such as commodity prices. In so doing， French
economic sociology stepped away from Bourdieu’s“de鄄marketized” conceptual system
and offered a research approach of “remarketization”. Firstly， this paper points out the
central problem of Bourdieu’s market model in contemporary French thinking. Due to
the non鄄reflexive “economic habitus” and priori commodity value， the concept of
“economic field” is socially deterministic and reductionist， overlooking both the
“market” problem in economics and the empirical “marketplaces”. Secondly， this
paper analyzes the uncertainty of commodity values and prices， a common concern of
Economics of Conventions and Sociology of Translation in response to social
reductionism. It also analyzes the valuation capacity of actors and the “agency” of non鄄
human devices in response to social determinism， and concludes with a discussion on
the logic of innovation and change in capitalist markets. Economic actors critique or
defend the price of a certain or a certain type of commodity based on familiar values and
valuation forms， and then reconstruct a provisional “bien commun” about the
commodity world （the hierarchy of things and their price） in micro鄄transactional，
meso鄄industrial and macro鄄economic dimensions. Lastly， the paper discusses two
schools’ recent reflection on their own concepts， namely asymmetry of“qualculative
devices” and “limited reflexivity”， and points out that although they still refer back to
“economic field” in the dimension of power relations， both schools place emphasis on
the relative independence of the commodity world from social space， and distance
themselves from rigid structuralism.
Keywords：world of commodities， reflectivity， market devices， struggle of values，
economic field

无论是在古典经济理论还是新古典经济学中， 市场都因作为高效
配置资源的“看不见的手”而被奉为圭臬，“市场”（market）也成为经济
学的专门问题和关键概念。 与此同时，长期以来批判自由市场、捍卫非
功利主义经济的人类学和社会学却并未正视现代社会的市场， 常常将
研究视角局限在馈赠等非市场或者非正式的经济领域， 反而筑就了他
们眼中的经济学帝国主义（ Callon et Latour， 1997）。 现代市场进入社会
1
学的视野并成为一个专门的研究对象还是相当晚的事情， 然而社会学
并没有向经济学靠拢，在其眼里，经济学的“市场”只是一个单凭价格系

1. 现代市场涉及资本主义商品的交换， 对其社会学研究迟到的论断在英文学界和法国
学界均成 立，参见 尼尔·弗雷格斯坦等 人（ Fligstein and Dauter，2007）的 综述 和 （转下页）

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