Page 111 - 《社会》2021年第3期
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社会·2021·3
bird’s nest trading network rose from the expansion of the European鄄centric world
system along the southern borders of the late Chinese empire. Its practical operation
relied on the social organization of the Nanyang (the South China Sea) Chinese
businessmen, immigration patterns and historical development. Currently, the bird’s
nest trade and consumption are operated in accordance with the logic of industrialization
and the materiality as understood and embodied by Hong Kong bird’s nest trade
merchants. In this sense, bird’s nest trade is not only a product of the empires, but
also a commodity of the world system, and at the same time, a representation of the
historical experience and ongoing activities of the Nanyang Chinese. This study treats
the bird’s nest trade as a merging process of multiple worlds from different centers and
an integration between material and non鄄material elements of different production
processes. Human production activities are both the result and cause of history.
Keywords:bird’s nest,world system,Chinese of the South China Sea,value theory,
materiality,production
一、引言
“我们不得不去探讨,本土人民究竟如何努力运用从逻辑方面和本
体论方面来说都更具包容性的东西来统合他们对于世界体系的经验,
那更具包容性的东西就是他们自身拥有的世界体系”,在一场拉德克里
夫—布朗的讲座中, 由于不满当时人类学研究对世界体系理论挑战之
不彻底,萨林斯( Sahlins,2019a:5)如是说。 他指出,自己反对的是将世
界体系当作一种摇摆于“经济冲击”与“文化反应”之间的物理学式研
究,人类学界需要更严肃地思考马克思本人对“生产”的理解,从而将
“世界体系”视为一定文化假设之下历史行动的原则及生活方式的持续
再生产。
在 20 世纪 80 年代,人类学开始摆脱微型社区研究的局限,转而关
注超越社区的时空动态过程, 它首先借助的是马克思主义政治经济学
视野下的世界体系理论(Nash,1981;Ortner,1984)。 在《欧洲与没有历史
的人民》一书的著名导言中,沃尔夫( 2006)批评道,被人类学家视为地
方社会之固有特质的“文化”,是 15 世纪以来以欧洲为中心的政治经济
体系扩张,进而支配非西方之部落、国家、帝国体系与区域性经济共同
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