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社会·2026·3

urban poverty” primarily affecting laid鄄off workers and their families. In response，
the Chinese government immediately moved to vigorously expand the urban social
security system. Existing studies have mainly focused on the poverty reduction
effects of social security policies on the generation of laid鄄off workers （the parent
generation），while paying insufficient attention to their impact on the growth and
developmental outcomes of the offspring generation，particularly with regard to the
intergenerational transmission of poverty. Against this backdrop，this study uses
data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey （1989 -2015） to examine the
intergenerational poverty reduction effects of social security policies on laid鄄off
families. The findings indicate that pension insurance policies within the social
security system do not exhibit significant intergenerational poverty reduction effects.
In contrast，medical insurance，as well as cash transfer programs such as social
assistance and social welfare，can enhance the intergenerational investment capacity
of impoverished laid鄄off families. Specifically，these policies mitigate the
intergenerational transmission of poverty by exerting a buffering effect through
pathways of investment in family upbringing and a developmental effect through
pathways of school education investment. Furthermore，the effectiveness of such
interventions is moderated by parental cultural capital. That is，the policy effects of
social security policies in promoting intergenerational investment are more
pronounced in families with higher levels of parental cultural capital. In addition，
the impact of social security policies on the intergenerational transmission of poverty
among laid鄄off families varies. The intergenerational poverty reduction effects are
more evident among families where the mother was laid off，those laid off before
2004，and those in central China. Accordingly，future research and policy practice
should pay closer attention to the interaction between policy interventions and family
dynamics，with an emphasis on stimulating the internal motivation of impoverished
families，thereby better leveraging the intergenerational poverty reduction effects of
external policy interventions.
Keywords：social security，intergenerational transmission of poverty，poverty
reduction，state鄄owned enterprise reform，laid鄄off workers

一、 问题的提出

经济体制改革通常伴随着社会政策的变迁。 20 世纪 90 年代，中国
正处于从计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转轨的关键时期。 在

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