Page 166 - 《社会》2025年第4期

私人生活的“公共性”：健康教育与基层治理中的制度—关系互构

counties， this paper attempts to construct a framework for comprehending the logic
of “governance of life，” taking the health education program as a central thread.
The prevalence of chronic diseases in aging rural areas is escalating. Against this
backdrop， knowledge of preventive medicine provides a set of knowledge that
defines healthy lifestyle. If healthy living is viewed as a private matter， health
knowledge can only assist individuals in their efforts to solve their own problems，
and government intervention may be perceived as a form of social control.
Nevertheless， this paper demonstrates that， in the operation of China’s grassroots
governance， health knowledge is not accurately imparted to individuals， but rather
travels in a contextualized and embedded manner to affect the daily lives of rural
residents as an integrated community. Through the health education program，actors
within and outside the government system and the medical profession work jointly to
create a public governance sphere for addressing healthy living issues. This sphere
is constituted by both formal institutions and informal social networks（Guanxi），
which are mutually reinforcing and basically inseparable. This paper argues that， in
the era of chronic diseases， the instinctive pursuit of personal health has emerged
as a potent force for social integration. It reflects a shared vision of an orderly social
life while simultaneously serving as a reference to governmentality， enabling state
involvement in local everyday life.
Keywords：health governance， rural health care， acquaintance society， embedded
knowledge，state鄄peasant relations

一、 引言

2024 年 5 月 25 日是江洲镇卫生院进村开展健康讲座的日子，早上
1
10 点，50 多位村民坐在良全县江洲镇茶园村 的党群活动室聊天并等
候老师到场。 其中，年轻者 40 多岁，年长者 80—90 岁，女性居多。 大屏
幕上展示着本次讲座的标题———“吸烟有害健康”。 随后，卫生院的一名
年轻医生走上讲台，调整麦克风，开始说：“各位父老乡亲，今天我们讲
课的主题是：吸烟有害健康……”大约半小时后，村民们有说有笑地走
—
出来，手上都拎着一把崭新的雨伞——这次活动的奖品。 活动室对面就
是茶园村卫生室，一名年老的女性村民颤颤巍巍地走到卫生室，村医没
有和她交流就开始为她测量血压。 笔者上前搭话，老太太只是咧嘴笑，

1. 遵循学术惯例，本文涉及的县、镇、村、人物均为化名。

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