Page 213 - 《社会》2025年第2期

社会·2025·2

and citizens， as presen ted in his work Suicide. Secondly， through the analysis of
core texts such as Ethics and the Sociology of Morals and The Elementary Forms of
Religious Life， the paper points out that Durkheim’s action schema not only
absorbs the routine actions carried out by citizens in their daily lives for the needs
of their faith， but also includes the creative actions taken by sociologists to rebuild
the common ideals in times of crisis. Thirdly， through an examination of Durkheim’s
thoughts and actions during the Dreyfus Affair and the World War I， the paper
further points out that the two types of actors and their iconography of action
sketched by Durkheim are not isolated from each other but rather intertwined
together. Only through the common communication and collective action between
citizens and intellectuals can sociology break through the barriers of binary
opposition between science and belief， thinking and action， body and mind under
the conditions of modernity， thus expanding the boundaries of intellectuals’
rationalism， while at the same time integrating the public needs into the orbit of
civilization， and jointly creating sacred ideals that are appropriate to the times， and
realizing the reconstruction and renewal of society. Finally， Durkheim’s reflection
on the issue of action inherits and carries forward the intellectual tradition of French
“political rationalism”， highlights the political concerns of sociology and the public
responsibilities of intellectuals， and provides us with a model of“embodying one’s
ideas with one’s actions” on how to think about social theories in our time.
Keywords：routine actions，creative actions，life and ideal， intellectuals and
citizens，political concerns of sociology

一、 导论：重思涂尔干

道德规范是作为行动指引来用的。 因此，对道德规范的思
辨就不能对行动漠不关心。 没有科学最后不是以艺术为终点
的：否则，科学只是种游戏，一种智力的消遣、纯粹和简单的
博学而已。
涂尔干（2020b：423）

“行动问题”的产生与现代性带来的社会剧变相伴而生，社会行动
与社会秩序之间的关系是理解现代社会的重要线索，由此衍生出“社会

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