Page 230 - 《社会》2022年第3期
P. 230

交友之道:青少年同伴关系的影响因素研究

                   This paper examines the impact of family socioeconomic status on adolescent peer
                   acceptance from the perspective of social stratification and explores its mediating
                   mechanism,and discuss whether the mediation mechanism is differentiated among
                   groups of different social classes. The data used in this paper is from China Education
                   Panel Study (CEPS) for the school year of 2013 -2014. This study finds:(1)
                   socioeconomic status has positive effects on adolescent peer acceptance,students whose
                   parents have college education and above enjoy significant higher peer acceptance than
                   those whose parents have high鄄school or below educational level;and(2)positive traits
                   at individual鄄level,such as higher academic performance,self鄄efficacy,and sports
                   hobbies,have a significant positive impact on peer acceptance,while art hobbies do not.
                   Among them,only cognitive ability(academic performance) has slight mediating effect
                   that transfers part of socioeconomic effect to adolescent peer acceptance. These findings
                   show that in the context of Chinese middle schools,parental involvement in children’s
                   peer network is relatively low,possibly indicating that the inequality of family
                   socioeconomic status is not passed on to classmate relationships. However,it may also
                   mean that we have not yet found the real mechanism between family socioeconomic
                   status and adolescent peer relationships,and further exploration is needed.
                   Keywords:adolescents,socioeconomic status,peer relationship,acceptance





                    一、 引言

                    近年来,青少年心理健康问题引发了社会各界的广泛关注和讨论。
                根 据 中 国 科 学 院 心 理 研 究 所 发 布 的 《中 国 国 民 心 理 健 康 发 展 报 告
                ( 2019—2020)》,2020 年中国 10~19 岁青少年的抑郁检出率为 24.6%,
                其中重度抑郁检出率为 7.4%。 有研究指出,影响青少年心理健康的主
                要因素为亲子关系、师生关系、同伴关系(侯金芹、陈祉妍,2021)。 青少
                年日常生活的大部分时间在学校度过, 与学校和班级同学的相处时间
                长、互动频率高,以同学为主的同伴群体发挥了父母、兄弟姐妹、教师等
                无法替代的重要作用,因此同伴关系具有特殊的重要意义( Crosnoe,2000)。
                    良好的同伴关系体现了青少年在群体中建立积极人际关系、 适应
                复杂社会情境的能力,是社会资本的雏形和“原始积累”,直接影响青少
                年外显的社会价值和身份认同( Giordano,2003),并为他们顺利度过青
                春期提供重要的情感支持( Crosnoe and Johnson,2011)。 相反,排斥、欺


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