Page 96 - 《社会》2022年第1期

不稳定就业与农民工市民化悖论：基于劳动过程的视角

The study uses the nationally representative survey data of migrant workers and
interviews of enterprises，combined with the counterfactual methods such as generalized
propensity value matching，to present an empirical case study. The general
characteristics of unstable employment and the shaping of the contemporary Chinese
migrant workers are discussed from the dual operation logic of the state and capital in
order to understand the plight of the citizenization of migrant workers in the economic
transition period. The globalization of capital accumulation and labor process have
created the phenomenon of large鄄scale migrant workers and their unstable employment
status in China. By dictating the employment flow of migrant workers，capital achieves
the goal of maximizing profits without bearing the reproduction cost of laborers. This
fundamentally leads to the paradox of the citizenization of migrant workers：the unstable
employment helps migrant workers’ job mobility in seeking better wages，but it is at the
same time not conducive to the relocation of their family members. This form of capital
accumulation conceals the fact that the so鄄called freedom of movement of migrant
workers is merely a way for capital to maximize profit margins by so鄄called“pinching鄄
the鄄tops” hiring practice. Unstable employment will not raise the collective income of
migrant workers but only intensify the competition within the group.
Keywords：unstable employment，migrant workers，paradox of citizenization， labor
process theory，capital accumulation

一、研究背景与问题提出

目前，不稳定就业已经演化为全球性的挑战，其后果涉及社会经济
发展的诸多领域。 正如布迪厄所言，21 世纪社会问题的根源是“不确定
性”（ Bourdieu，1998）。20 世纪 70 年代以来，伴随着新自由主义和全球市
场的建立，西方发达国家的生产方式开始由泰勒主义和福特主义，转向
以灵活生产、临时性劳动力使用和国家干预撤离为代表的弹性积累制。
这种生产方式对劳动者的典型影响是工作不稳定性的增加， 即正规就
业和长期稳定雇佣关系的减少（ Kalleberg，2009）。 国际劳工组织公布的
统计数据显示，2017 年全球不稳定就业工人数量占就业总量的 42.8%，
在发展中国家该比重更是达到 78.9%。 1 改革开放四十年来，中国成为

1. 国际劳工组织在其《世界就业与社会展望———2017 年趋势》中对全球劳工的就业稳定
性做了调查和计量分析，报告显示 2017 年全世界不稳定就业劳工占总就业的 （转下页）

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