Page 38 - 《社会》2022年第1期
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家屋与主客:康定锅庄“女性 社会
2022·1
CJS
当家”与“权威中介”的再思考 第 42 卷
穆静然
摘 要:在历史上,康定锅庄是沟通汉藏贸易特别是边茶运销的关键环节,当
地藏语称之为“阿加卡巴”( a鄄skya鄄kha鄄pa)。 在既有研究中,学者普遍将康定
锅庄视为一种专门的经济组织和中介机构。 但是,这种看法并不完整,因为锅
庄在“市场之下”还有嵌入社会结构的另一个面向。一方面,锅庄的名号是当地
家族的房名,在命名、释义、析分和继承方面都有其独特的社会文化规则;另一
方面,锅庄与客商最初的关系并不仅仅是商业伙伴,更有主客的面向。 认识到
锅庄的这些地方属性有助于澄清学界对锅庄“女性当家”和“权威中介”的误
解。 实际上,锅庄“女性当家”的现象并非母系社会或性别意识的产物,而是家
屋制度下继嗣与婚姻并重的结果;“权威中介” 地位的获得也不是出于锅庄在
商业上的成就和重要性,而在于锅庄主人的声望,是阿加以主人而非中介身份
参与贸易的结果与体现。
关键词:康定锅庄 房名 家屋 主客关系
The House and Hospitality: Rethinking Kangding Guozhuang as
Female鄄Headed Trade Posts and Authoritative Middlemen
MU Jingran
Abstract: Guozhuang(trade posts)were a key organization on the ancient trade trail of
the Tea Horse Road between Sichuan and Tibet. Guozhuang are “a鄄skya鄄kha鄄pa” in
Tibetan, meaning“respectable hosts”. In the existing research, scholars tend to regard
Guozhuang as merely a specialized economic organization or trade brokers, and neglect
the embedded social dimension beyond its market function. Guozhuang were always
named after distinctive Tibetan family clans to symbolize identity, status and prestige.
The inheritance rule of Guozhuang also reflected that the Guozhuang system had
transcended the contrasting relations between patrilineal and matrilineal, marriage and
* 作者: 穆静然 西南民族大学民族学与社会学学院 (Author: MU Jingran, School of Ethnology
and Sociology, Southwest Minzu University)E-mail:lhaskyid@126.com
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