Page 49 - 《社会》2021年第6期

社会·2021·6

distribution rights， and inspection and assessment rights， and then analyze the
mechanisms of choice and conditions of change in governance modes. The study
provides a detailed description of three typical governance modes of tight鄄coupling，
administrative鄄contracting， and loose鄄coupling. Minimization of organizational cost is
taken as the standard to find the optimal contract and its corresponding organizational
cost expression under each governance mode. Through numerical simulation
technology， we calculate and compare the cost of each governance mode under the
complete task attributes combination and then obtain the optimal governance mode
selection rule for different task attributes. We find that the three task attributes
（implementation difficulty， inspection difficulty， and task risk） and the corresponding
cost鄄benefit tradeoff calculation determine the organizational cost of different
governance modes， thereby affecting the selection of the optimal governance mode. The
tight鄄coupling mode is generally suitable for tasks with high risks， the administrative鄄
contracting mode prefers tasks with high implementation difficulty， and the loose鄄
coupling mode has cost advantages over tasks with low inspection difficulty. This study
expands the control rights theory and its application into the field of governance. It offers
a unified framework of China’s governance process and a credible explanation of the
different governance modes in existence.
Keywords：control rights，governance modes，organization cost，task attributes

一、 导论

近年来，随着政府行为研究的不断深入，政府运行与政策制定过程
中的“黑箱”被逐步打开，关于政府运作的研究也取得长足进步，这为认
识和解读中国的政府治理提供了丰富材料。 与此同时，一些具有现实意
义的政府治理理论应运而生，提出了独到的分析概念与理论逻辑，并具
有明确的实证意义，大大提高了这一领域的研究水平。 在这些文献中，
一个引人注目的现象就是关于不同政府治理模式的讨论。 有研究发现，
那些上下级“高度关联”的治理模式表现为自上而下的高度动员、层层
加码和极力推行（荣敬本，1998）；政策任务的落实也可能表现为稳定的
“行政发包制”，即上级部门将任务打包发给下级部门，自己只负责验收
成果；在另外的情况下，政府部门的许多工作按照固有程序常规运行，
各级部门保持相对独立性和自主权，表现为“松散关联”的治理模式。

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