Page 77 - 《社会》2021年第4期

社会·2021·4

model of “combination of local and non鄄local labor”， in which non鄄local labor forms
the major labor force while locals are used as supplements. The formation of this
employment model is not due to the shortage of local labor but a result of the interaction
and adjustment of external capital and rural society. The influence of rural society on
external capital can be explored from the aspects of internal management and external
environment. In terms of employment practices, the use of local labors enables the
vegetable farms to connect with the rural society in the external environment but also
brings potential issues of international management difficulties. The underlying reason
is the conflict between the economic logic of the capital and the family livelihood logic
of rural society. The specialized non鄄local laborers with rural background are just the
right answer to the employment difficulties at the internal management because they are
seen by locals as fellow rural townsmen. Therefore, this employment model including
local and non鄄local labor has worked for the relationship between external capital and
rural society. More importantly, this mode of employment reveals that， rather than
ignoring the latter， the economic logic of capital must be based on the rural logic when
capital goes to the countryside. It is in this sense that this paper argues that the
employment mechanism of external capital is not a simple problem of labor supply and
demand， but a complicated social process of outside investment and its relationship
with the rural society.
Keywords：capital goes into the countryside，employment mechanism，rural society，
rural logic

一、引言

进入 21 世纪，城市工商资本下乡流转土地并直接开展农业经营的
情况日益增多，此即所谓的“资本下乡”（周飞舟、王绍琛，2015）。 不同
于小农家庭经营， 资本下乡一般都会通过大量流转土地和雇工实行规
模农业经营。 主流话语认为，资本下乡展开规模经营之后，当地农户将
获得两份收入： 土地流转收入和工资性收入。 这背后有一个潜在的假
设，即认为下乡资本必定会雇佣当地的劳动力，而当地那些因土地流转
而“离开土地”的劳动力也必定会愿意到这些规模农场劳作。

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