Page 65 - 《社会》2025年第5期

社会·2025·5

control model i s replaced by a two鄄way feedback mechanism. Horizontally，the
public transforms from passive recipients of information to active producers，
significantly enhancing information visibility through digital media and other
channels. Vertically，information transcends hierarchical barriers，achieving direct
access to higher levels of government，thereby weakening the original information
advantage of the grassroots government. At the level of governance structure，public
opinion promotes a transition from fragmented governance to collaborative
governance. The public directly participates in the governance process through the
expression of public opinion，shifting from external monitors to internal participants.
Higher鄄level governments，leveraging digital monitoring tools，oversee local affairs
much more closely，breaking down traditional boundaries of territorial administration
and forming a horizontally and vertically coordinated governance network. At the
level of risk constraints，the enhanced dual visibility of information subjects the
grassroots governments to the dual pressures of public scrutiny and higher鄄level
supervision，transforming grassroots risk constraints from elastic to rigid，and
significantly compressing the risk avoidance space. The governance transformation
driven by public opinion also spawns new structural contradictions: an inversion of
governance capacity and responsibility risk，and a conflict between governance logic
and the governance environment，leaving the grassroots facing unprecedented
governance dilemmas. This paper provides a novel theoretical perspective for
understanding governance transformation in the digital age.
Keywords：public opinion，information transmission，governance structure，risk
constraint，digital era

一、 现象与问题：谈“舆情”色变

近年来，教育领域的舆情事件频频成为社会关注的焦点。 从校园安
全事故到师德师风问题，从教育管理争议到日常纠纷处理，这些过去主
要由教育系统内部解决的问题， 如今频繁演变为社会热议的公共舆情
事件。 更为关键的是， 这种转变呈现两个显著特征： 一是议题的公共
—借助数字媒体平台， 原本局限于特定时空的校园事件能够在短
化——
时间内突破组织边界，成为社会广泛关注的公共话题；二是事件的政治
化———许多常规的教育管理问题， 经由网络发酵后往往被赋予政治意
涵，上升为关涉教育公平、社会正义乃至体制合法性的政治议题。

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