Page 34 - 《社会》2025年第5期

优绩职业主义：旅德华人音乐家技能嵌入性的文化逻辑

construct ion，and social consequences of interpersonal relationships. In Chinese
Society，the guanxi鄄oriented concept is one of the most important guiding principles
for handling all aspects of social life. The organizational structure of Chinese society
is characterized by the chaxugeju，in which people distinguish insiders from
outsiders in a self鄄centered，gradational way. In such a system，guanxi are often
built on （quasi鄄）ascribed ties such as kinship. In contrast，the German classical
music field exhibits a typical community鄄oriented logic of relationship building，
which emphasizes achieved community formation based on individual interests or
affinities. In the German classical music field，the general trajectory of professional
socialization leads musicians to gradually internalize the significance of both social
relationships and professional skills，fostering an integrated professionalism that
values both dimensions. However，influenced by the guanxi ethic embedded in the
chaxugeju pattern，Chinese musicians often cannot fully perceive and understand the
local logic of social embeddedness grounded in professional communities，resulting
in an overwhelming emphasis on skill embeddedness and the development of
meritocratic professionalism. By displaying the concrete process through how new
professional values emerge among Chinese migrants，this study moves a step forward
from prevailing accounts that conceptualize cross鄄cultural adaptation as a process of
selectively adopting or combining pre鄄existing cultures. It demonstrates that such
new values may not derive directly from the migrants’ culture of origin nor fully
align with the host culture，but instead take shape as novel cultural forms
constructed through the tensions between the two which shaped by the interplay of
multiple dimensions of embeddedness.
Keywords：guanxi ethics，chaxugeju，meritocracy，professionalism，embeddedness

一、 引言

在全球化浪潮中，移民如何融入当地社群？ 大量研究指出，移民既
不会完全被目标国同化，也不会完全坚守来源国文化，其融入是具有多
重维度和面向的复杂过程 （ Berry，et al.，2006；Tatum and Browne，2019；
刘燕玲，2021）。 已有研究的共识是，许多华人移民的社会融入具有鲜明
的“业务核心，社交边缘”的特点。华人移民往往在业务和专业实力上表
现突出，这在以程序员、知识分子、艺术家为代表的高技术移民群体中
表现为高学历优势与技术上的卓越 （Lee and Zhou，2015；Chin，2020）；

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