Page 100 - 《社会》2025年第2期

“地势”与人类学的日常语言视角和方法

shishuo （势说） embedded in political life offers alternative pathways. By adopting
an anthropological perspective rooted in everyday language, this study goes on to
examine the political approach of shishuo， contrasting it with fundamental issues in
Western social sciences， such as causal inference. The discussion of key elements
in understanding shishuo鄄鄄particularly the perspective of everyday language鄄鄄draws
inspiration from contemporary linguistic anthropology and perspectival anthropology，
supported by ethnographic findings in linguistic anthropology and “fieldwork”
experiences in literary translation. The study， grounded in the anti鄄reductionist
premises of linguistic phenomenology， conceptualizes dishi as a “general picture”
formed by the heterogeneous elements through “intermediary links”. It further
argues that discourses of dishi often function as performative acts rather than
descriptions of preexisting facts or conditions in the causal鄄inferential sense. In
anthropological interventions， the discourse of shishuo and action are intertwined，
rendering such discursive practices themselves methods for studying dishi. The final
section explores dishi as a field research methodology. While the ontological and
epistemological foundations of shishuo differ from those of mainstream social science
methodologies， the paper contends that these paradigms鄄鄄and even multiple
paradigms鄄鄄are mutually compatible at the level of fieldwork. Using mapping
methods as an example， the paper in addition discusses the practical application of
dishi鄄based approaches.
Keywords：dishi （地势）， political anthropology， everyday language perspective，
perspicuous presentation

一、 不以西方为出发点的政治人类学何以可能

“考量地势”“了解地势”或“掌握地势”是政治实践的日常用语。 特
别是在与空间有关的政治实践中，“地势” 是当事者或旁观者常常挂在
嘴边的词。 用日常语言来说，“地势”属于“势说”政治的表述之一。 笔者
在 21 世纪初的城市更新和改造中感受到“地势”作为方法之重要性，开
始思考其理论和方法论意义并撰文讨论过“地势”在政治人类学中的理
论和实践意义（参见朱晓阳，2016）。本文试图将“地势”问题放在更宽泛
的当代社会科学意义上进行讨论，因而需要从一些根本性问题开始论述。
“如何不以西方作为出发点” 是 20 世纪末政治人类学学者提出的
一个大问题（Gledhill，2000：8）。类似的问题近二十年来一直萦绕于人类

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