Page 187 - 《社会》2024年第4期

社会·2024·4

history through a sociological lens，thereby pioneering a historiographical paradigm
that was non鄄individualistic，indifferent to chronology，and dedicated to uncovering
objective laws. Granet observes a shift from the principle of reciprocity within
marriage groups in the peasant era to the principle of political prestige in the
mythological era，culminating in the overlapping of multiple forms and principles of
social cohesion during the feudal order. During this period，the principle of prestige
was supplanted and balanced by the principle of honor. At this time，the political
group and the kinship group were also completely indistinguishable from each other.
Through his analysis of Chinese history，Granet employed sociological theories to
interpret historical materials，thereby challenging the epistemological and political
foundations of traditional historiography. His study of feudalism，in particular，
reflects his response to contemporary political concerns. It is crucial to recognize
that Granet’s interpretation of ancient China stands in stark contrast to the traditions
established by the Chinese historiographical revolution of the 20th century. This
divergence not only explains why Granet’s work has been misinterpreted and neglected
but also underscores the necessity of reassessing his academic contributions.
Granet’s innovative use of Chinese texts to deduce various forms of social cohesion
offers a viable methodology for applying modern social sciences to the study of
classical Chinese texts. Furthermore，his work provides profound theoretical insights
that are instrumental in reinterpreting the history of ancient China.
Keywords： Marcel Granet， social cohesion， evolution， reciprocity， prestige， honor

一、 葛兰言：在社会学与历史学之间

以往对葛兰言作品的讨论主要集中在两个方面： 其一是对葛兰言
作品中历史事实与文献使用的争议与批评（李孝迁，2010；顾钧，2021），
其二是突出葛兰言作为“社会学家”的身份，并以他这个身份及其研究
旨趣来为他辩护（王铭铭，2010）。 可以说，首先将第二个讨论推向高潮
的是在里昂完成博士论文但在巴黎听葛兰言和莫斯 （Marcel Mauss）讲
课 的 杨 堃 ， 他 认 为 ， 葛 兰 言 与 当 时 汉 学 的 沙 畹 （魪douard 魪mmannuel
Chavannes）、马伯乐（Henri Maspero）传统不同，的确不重视文献的校勘，
他的目的在于从社会学的角度分析和解释中国文明 （杨 堃，1997：107-
141）。 其次是葛兰言的 《中国人的宗教》 英文译者莫里斯·弗里德曼

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