Page 35 - 《社会》2023年第1期

社会·2023·1

goes far beyond the discourse of natural law. This means moving away from viewing
political society as a “imperio in imperium”，rejecting the normative and moral
interpretations of nature. Spinoza regards human affects as the real social forces and
the interplay of these individual forces as the very foundation of every state. Among
them，imagination plays a vital role in the process of socialization，mobilization and
activation of collective affects. Thus，the “indignation” of given society， or the
“right of war” of the multitude， is introduced into the discussion of the origin of
society in a very tense way. Unlike the antagonistic political action discourse
advocated by Antonio Negri and others，Spinoza emphasizes the spatio鄄temporal
character of indignation and put it under the framework of an affective dynamics. In
the spatial dimension，the affective imitation and imaginary identification aroused by
indignation can contribute to the socialization. In the temporal dimension，
indignation itself is a highly unstable，short鄄lived and situation鄄determined affect.
For Spinoza the process of socialization by “imaging an enemy” is always
problematic and inevitably introduces hatred and exclusion into the foundation of
community. Therefore，the long鄄time maintenance of affects，especially those truly
integrated into collective memory and institutional culture，requires a dynamic
transformation of affects over time，namely from“desire” to“longing” and“hate”
to “love”. This dynamic moment is also called “fluctuation” in Spinoza’s term.
For him a good community is never merely dominated by reason，but also requires
as much as possible a transformation of the“fear” model of solidarity into the unity
of “hope”. Fear can eliminate war and create obedience，but can never effectively
improve the power of minds and appease indignation at the bottom of society. Even
though hope in itself is not a normative idea，it is more likely to be in harmony with
rational forms of governing，to have a higher trust in society and a more active
imagination，and eventually to gain experience of empowerment.
Keywords：Spinoza，affect，indignation，social imagination，hope

一、 引言

斯宾诺莎的社会政治思想究竟在启蒙传统中扮演何种角色， 可谓
长久以来争论不休的疑难问题。 斯宾诺莎身处现代性的萌发阶段，其思
想彰显着启蒙原初的丰富性与暧昧性。 他见证了逐渐兴起的市民社会，

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