Page 222 - 《社会》2022年第6期

“单方索取”还是“相互需要”

explores the heterogeneity in inter鄄generational cohabitation and the inter鄄
generational interactions under ever changing inter鄄generational relationships. It
further analyses the two dimensions of gender and birth order of adult children in
different types of inter鄄generational cohabitation. The results show that， in terms of
intergenerational co鄄living needs， cooperative cohabitation occupies the primary
position in China， followed by nurturing cohabitation based on pure offspring
needs， and then supportive cohabitation based on pure parental needs. The
proportion of alienated cohabitation in which both generations are not in need is the
least. The main theme of inter鄄generational cohabitation in China today is a shift in
the centre of gravity and a strong emphasis on reciprocity. There are differences in
the logic of inter鄄generational reciprocity between urban and rural areas. Rural
parents place more emphasis on economic needs while urban parents place more
emphasis on living needs. The demand of children in both rural and urban is led by
housing needs. In terms of inter鄄generational cohabitation mechanisms， sons are
still the preferred choice for inter鄄generational cohabitation. However， daughters
are more likely to take on the responsibility of supporting parents， especially in
rural area. Younger siblings in rural areas are more likely to enjoy help from their
parents in inter鄄generational cohabitation and are also more likely to take on the
responsibility of supporting parents. In short， change and continuity have always
presented in Chinese society， and tradition and modernity are both rooted in
Chinese family life.
Keywords：inter鄄generational cohabitation， inter鄄generational relation， inter鄄
generational responsibility， child gender， child ranking

一、 引言

代际同住是中国家庭研究的重点议题之一。在传统中国社会，几代
人共同居住是自然而然的事情。 随着现代化进程的加快，虽然传统伦理
对家庭居住安排的约束有所削弱， 但中国老年人与成年子女同住的直
系家庭比例仍保持稳定趋势，在近年还有所上升（王跃生，2013；李婷、胡
文波，2021）。 当文化诫命不再是促成代际同住的主要动力后，亲子两代
的现实需求就越来越成为影响家庭居住方式选择的重要因素。 以往研
究大多只从老年人的角度关注代际同住， 认为同住主要是满足父母的
养老需求（费孝通，1983；Asis，et al.，1995；Logan and Bian，1999）。 这种

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