Page 191 - 《社会》2022年第4期

社会·2022·4

Abstract： How women construct their subjective class identity has attracted extensive
attention. However， the discussion of the multiple constructed model of women’s class
identity in existing studies lacks of depth， nor is there an analysis of the generational
changes of the model. This study aims to answer two important questions against the
backdrop of a society in transition: first， which is the most dominant factor in shaping
married women’s subjective class identity， the class of their own， their husbands’， or
their fathers’? Answers to this question reveal the impacts of assortative mating and
intergenerational mobility. Second， how does the multiple construction pattern change
across birth cohorts? The cohort dynamics help reflect the evolution of gender roles and
family values in China. Using the pooled data from the Chinese General Social Survey in
2010-2017 and the Diagonal Reference Models， our study finds that in general Chinese
married women tend to construct their own class identity based on the objective class of
their husbands， but this trend is reversed in the younger cohorts. Fathers’ objective
class status carries roughly the same weight as women’s own， but its impact becomes
moderately stronger in younger cohorts. Taken together， the above findings reveal a
special pathway of family modernization in transitional China， that is， married women，
although increasingly independent of their spouses， still maintain closely connected
with their natal families.
Keywords：subjective class identity，women， social transition，cohort dynamics，
Diagonal Reference Models

一、 引言

自改革开放以来，中国社会经历了剧烈的转型。 伴随市场化改革
过程中经济协调体制和资源分配方式的变化， 阶层分化开始加剧，作
为客观社会阶层的主观反映，阶层认同逐渐成为学界讨论的热点问题
（刘欣，2001；李培林、张翼，2008；陈云 松 、范 晓 光 ，2016；张 海 东 、杨 城
晨，2017）。 同时，阶层认同研究的性别视角，即在建构自身的主观阶层
认同方面的性别差异也开始受到越来越多关注（郭 秋 菊 ，2016；许 琪 、
熊略宏，2016；许琪，2018；张文宏等，2021a，2021b）。 其中，女性的主观
阶层认同在多大程度上由其自身的阶层地位 决定 是 社会性 别 平 等 程
度和性别观念的体现，这一程度的发展与变化进一步反映了特定社会
环境影响下性别关系和价值观念的变迁。 因此，无论是对于社会分层

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