Page 167 - 《社会》2022年第3期

社会·2022·3

Survey（CEPS） data in the years of 2014 and 2015， this study reaches a solid and
consistent finding that although investing time in private tutoring can boost academic
achievement， it has a significant negative impact on students’ mental health. With the
increase of average tutoring and participation level in the class， the positive effect of the
time invested in after鄄school tutoring on academic performance continues to weaken
while the negative impact on mental health is gradually enhanced. The main triggers for
increasing mental health impact are the weakening of the social comparison effect as well
as the enhancement of the role stress effect and the sleep deprivation effect. In
conclusion， this study reveals a trend that in the context of intense academic competition
and challenges， over the time the academic reward of private tutoring reduces while the
mental health cost rises. This conclusion has important theoretical significance in
promoting further research on the micro鄄gaming mechanism and heterogeneity models of
private tutoring. At the same time， it also provides some insights for other countries on
policies of how to understand and respond to the phenomenon of private tutoring.
Keywords：private tutoring，peer competition and game，academic achievement，mental
health

一、引言

2021 年 7 月 24 日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于进
一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》，要求有
效减轻义务教育阶段学生过重的作业负担和校外培训负担 （以下简称
“双减”）。“双减”意见发布之后，被国内多家新闻媒体或网站报道、转
载 和评 论 ，并 登 顶 社交 媒 体“新 浪 微 博 ”和 网络 问 答 社 区“知 乎 ”的 热
搜，引起热烈讨论，其中很多网友都回忆起了自己学生时期沉重的作业
负担和课外培训负担， 并反思了课外培训的不良竞争对儿童教育发展
和身心健康的负面影响。 事实上， 课外培训在国内兴起并迅速成为热
潮，除了受东亚地区独特的文化价值观影响以外，还与国内的考试选拔
制度和教育资源不平等密切相关。 考试选拔制度是个体和家庭实现阶
层流动和地位获得最重要的通道之一， 学生的学业成绩则是考试选拔
制度最重要的依据，因此，绝大多数中国家长不遗余力地采取各种方式
或手段来提高孩子的学业成绩，课外培训补习就是主要渠道之一。
在选拔制度体系下的课外补习现象不仅在诸多亚洲国家（如中国、

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