Page 217 - 《社会》2022年第2期

社会·2022·2

education level，children from hypergamy marriages or homogeneous marriages with
high鄄level education perform much better academically. Children from families of
hypergamy marriage also tend to outperform those from hypogamy marriage families.
There is also a diverging gap effect in educational assortative mating鄄the wider the
marital educational gap，the better academic performance for the children from
hypergamy marriage but the worse for the children from hypogamy marriage. Further
more，the study finds that the level of parental unity plays a partial mediating role on the
impact of marital education matching on children’s academic performance. Among
them，parent鄄child communication is the most effective way to activate family cultural
capital. Parents from homogeneous marriage with high educational level are the ones who
devote the most time in their children’s upbringing and enjoy a closer parent鄄child
relationship. However，in hypergamy，father and mother tend to form a complementary
relationship in the division of parenting to improve the level of “co鄄parenting alliance”
and the“new type of family cultural capital” can be activated more effectively to promote
children academic performance. Even though educational assortative mating has become
a “breeding ground” for inequality reproduction，a high level of“co鄄parenting alliance”
may help slow down the transmission of intergenerational inequality.
Keywords：educational assortative mating，children’s academic performance，co鄄
parenting alliance，activation of cultural capital，multi鄄category mediation analysis

一、 引言

婚姻匹配是关于“谁与谁结婚”的研究，探讨特定社会背景与文化
语境下双方择偶偏好相似与否而非随机选择结为夫妻的过程（Xie，et
al.，2015）。 教 育 作 为 衡 量 个 体 经济 能 力 潜 力 与 社会地 位 的 重 要 指 标
（ Yeung，2013），是当今个体择偶偏好中尤为重要的自致性因素。 当前，
我国教育同质婚占主要地位；向上婚（女性受教育水平低于男性）在异
质婚中占主要地位，但长距离跨教育层级的向上婚比例不断降低，女性
实现向上婚的空间越来越小（李煜，2008）。“门当户对”的教育匹配意味
着认知精英与其他群体的隔离， 内隐了社会阶层构建过程中的固化趋
势 （Hu and Qian，2016）。 作为时代发展缩影的婚姻教育匹配模式不仅
成 为 洞 察 社 会 群 体 界 限 与 评 估 社 会 开 放 性 的 重 要 指 标 （Mare and
Schwartz，2006；Esping鄄Andersen，2007）， 也可能成为社会阶层 不 平 等 再

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