Page 9 - 《社会》2021年第6期

社会·2021·6

officials in bureaucracy and the economic competition by businessmen in market. The
result is a political achievement鄄commercial performance nexus: the mutually beneficial
exchange between political achievements （desired by local officials） and commercial
performances（desired by private entrepreneurs）. On the one hand, due to the intensity
of the competition in both politics and economy， this relational nexus is performance鄄
oriented， open鄄ended， and contractual， similar to the typical market exchanges.
However， on the other hand， it is also driven by personalized political incentives（or
career concerns） of local officials and supported by the mutual trust between local
officials and private business owners. In this sense， China’s government鄄business
relations are characterized by a mixing and matching of institutionalization （such as
performance orientation， openness， and contractibility） and personalization （such as
personalized career concerns and mutual trust）. It is in a stark contrast with the clearly鄄
defined， rule鄄based， and transparent relations in the western countries， or the
traditional kinship or clan鄄based relationships prevalent in developing countries， or
other special interests based patron鄄client relationships. Nevertheless， the political
achievement鄄commercial performance nexus is affected in scope and strength by the
political hierarchy of local officials and the interregional mobility of private enterprises.
As a result， a multi鄄facet， multi鄄level and multi鄄dimensional local growth alliance and
a government鄄business complex are formed and centered around the political
achievement鄄commercial performance nexus between local bureaucrats and private
business owners. Overall， the Chinese style performance鄄oriented government鄄business
relations have provided a pro鄄private business environment and thus have served as a
quasi鄄institutionalized basis for the rise of private business and China’s rapid growth
during the reform era while the nation鄄level legal protection for private business has
remained insufficient.
Keywords：government鄄business relations， local growth coalition， political achieve鄄
ment鄄commercial performance nexus， bureaucratic and economic markets

一、引言

中国过去 40 年的经济增长塑造了独特的政府与市场、政府与企业
的关系。 为了刻画和分析中国独特的政商关系，政治学家、社会学家和
经济学家开展了广泛而深入的研究， 积累了非常丰富的文献。 概括起

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