Page 64 - 《社会》2021年第5期

移民的空间聚集与群体社会距离：来自上海的证据

their group identity and enlarges their perceived social distance toward natives.
Applying spatial clustering analysis to government register鄄based data, we first define
spatial concentration as a high representation of in鄄group members in a series of
adjacent neighborhoods. Specifically， we adopt the Hot Spot Analysis tool to calculate
the Getis鄄Ord Gi* statistics for the distribution of each migrant group across residential
neighborhoods and identify statistically significant spatial clusters of high values（hot
spots）and low values（cold spots）. We then link respondents with government register鄄
based data by information on the geographic location of each respondent in the SUNS
and distinguish migrants living in spatially clustered neighborhoods from their
counterparts living elsewhere.
This study has two main findings. First， the spatial concentration of in鄄group
members reinforces group identity. Migrants living in spatially clustered neighborhoods
tend to demonstrate a higher level of group identity than their counterparts living
elsewhere. Second， group boundaries highlighted by the spatial concentration of in鄄
group members enlarge the social distance between migrants and native residents. That
is， migrants living in spatially clustered neighborhoods tend to have a larger social
distance toward natives. We argue that the increased social distance can be explained
by the residential segregation created by the spatial concentration of in-group members.
We further classify spatially clustered neighborhoods into segregated and non鄄
segregated neighborhoods. Compared with migrants living in non鄄clustered
neighborhoods， only those living in segregated neighborhoods have a larger social
distance toward native residents. We suspect that the social norms and culture of
migrants are maintained by the spatial concentration of in鄄group members in local
neighborhoods. The group solidarity created by residential segregation may reduce
social contact between in鄄group members and outsiders. This study makes several
contributions. First， we contribute to the literature on the social consequences of the
residential concentration of migrants. Second， we extend the research on the
association between residential segregation and social assimilation by examining how
social distance is associated with the spatial concentration of in鄄group members in the
context of internal migration. Third， we adopt an innovative measure of residential
segregation. Therefore， our study contributes to understanding the social adaptation of
migrants in cities from a perspective of spatial concentration.
Keywords：migrants，residential neighborhood，spatial concentration，social distance，
social integration

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