Page 9 - 《社会》2021年第3期

社会·2021·3

production, land ownership， peasant differentiation， and rural governance. Kautsky’s
book represents an orthodox Marxist theoretical analysis of agrarian question as well as a
solution to the rural transformation that is based on capitalist mode of production， and
can only be successfully achieved through agrarian capitalist development. A careful
examination of Peasant Life in China revealed that Fei’s treatment of the Chinese rural
issues and rural transition followed the concept and framework of orthodox Marxism.
However， Fei attempted to explore a Chinese non鄄capitalist，livelihood鄄oriented and
diversified development path of agrarian transition as an alternative response to the
orthodox Marxist solution. Fei Xiaotong supported small鄄land ownership and cautioned
against ownership concentration of means of production such as landed property. He
believed that the Chinese rural labor division was largely based gender and generation，
and there were no clearly defined classes in rural China and no employment institution
playing a role in village economy. He was convinced that diversified family agriculture
and village industry were the key measures to sustain family life. He considered that
traditional forces were very important in social relation and social development. In
contrast to Karl Kautsky， Fei Xiaotong’s analysis of agrarian question and his
standpoint of agrarian transition constituted a quite different theoretical perspective and
value orientation. Adding to the praise for Peasant Life in China widely shared by the
academic community， this study once again demonstrated the important intellectual
contribution that made Fei’s work a classical masterpiece.
Keywords：Peasant Life in China， agrarian question， agrarian transition， Marxism ，
livelihood perspective

一、研读发现：《江村经济》与农政问题

笔者在研读费孝通博士论文中文译版《江村经济》时发现，作为“结
论”部分的第 16 章很短，只有 12 个段落。 其中第 10 段如下：
1
最终解决中国土地问题（agrarian problems） 的办法不在于

1.按照阅读和发现的先后，这里本不该添加英文版中的 对应术语 agrarian problems，因为
下文的论述正是要说明读者一般会将中文译版中的“土地问题”联想为对应的英文概念
land problem，而笔者发现，费孝通在书中使用的是 agrarian problems。 因此，为了中英文对
比阅读方便且后面不再重复此段，这里便将英文对应术语标注在中文术语之后。

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