Page 175 - 《社会》2021年第2期

社会·2021·2

moralization/punishment”. In practice， this normative structure could be transformed
into the four secondary forms，namely，“behavior →rite →moralization”，“behavior →
rite →punishment”，“behavior →crime →moralization”，and “behavior →crime →
punishment”. The introduction of rituals into law helped instill Confucian principles
into legal provisions， therefor， the implementation of law could be regarded as
upholding Confucian ideas. Legalist Confucianism did not exclude legal adjudication in
the form of “behavior →crime →punishment”， and was open to the other three
secondary structures. The Chinese judicial practice was quite different prior to the
Confucianization of law. Judicial practice used to apply strict formal trials， and laws
were used to exclude any influence of ethics； however， after the Confucianization of
law， judicial practice possessed the elements of both formal and substantive trials， and
the openness of the embedded structure made it possible to be trialed by non鄄legal
means. As a result， all four secondary forms could be found in judicial practice. Khadi
Justice had a high degree of political acceptance and judicial practicality， however， it
could not completely replace formal trials. While traditional Chinese judiciary
presented duality with strong Khadi Justice characteristics， this feature did not sum up
all. Confucianization of law was closely related to the change of the knowledge structure
of judicial officials， and the flexible structure of legal norms. These elements jointly
promoted the emergence of a judicial model that integrated sentimental， rational and
legal judgments， which， in essence， was a concrete form of the embedded normative
structure.
Keywords：the Confucianization of law，Kadi Judiciary，the embedded normative
structure ， the legal adjudication

在 1939 年撰写、1947 年出版的《中国法律与中国社会》中，瞿同祖
深入探讨了儒家对中国传统法律的影响，开拓了法律社会学的视野，并
1"
开始涉及“法律儒家化”的内容。 1948 年，瞿同祖（1981:329）在《中国法
律之儒家化》中正式用“法律儒家化”概括了中国传统法律的发展特征，
称“所谓法律儒家化表面上为明刑弼教，骨子里则为以礼入法，怎样将
礼的精神和内容窜入法家所拟定的法律里的问题”。 2 这一说法逐渐成

1. 瞿同祖（1989:241、259）最早用“协调”一词来概括儒家对中国传统法律的影响。
2. 此前，陈寅恪（1946:73）在《隋唐制度渊源略论稿》中已经提出“刑律尤为儒家化”的观点。

· 168·