Page 221 - 《社会》2023年第3期

社会·2023·3

factors during the two major transition periods of China， namely， the past transition
period of reform and opening up and the current transition period of diversified
development. With the help of mathematical models such as log鄄linear models and
multilevel age鄄period鄄cohort models， the following three major findings are
observed. First， in the current transition period， the total social mobility rate and
the upward mobility ratio have been rising， and people’s perceptions on social
equity show a upward trend of volatility; while in the historical transition period，
with the establishment and continuous improvement of markets， the perceptions of
fairness experienced a rapid decline， and then a rapid improvement. Second， the
three factors of social structure， social psychology and cultural norms are neither
mutually exclusive nor competitive in the changing process of social equity
perceptions， but are intertwined and function in different ways. Among them，
social structural factors such as intergenerational mobility are foundational to the
changes in the perception of social equity， while subjective class mobility
perceptions are the direct source of people’s perceptions and cultural norms
constitute a stable potential factor. Third， this study examines the status of social
equity from the perspective of social stratification and mobility， and takes the
occurrence of intergenerational mobility， and its direction and distance as key
indicators to measure the objective equity status. It is found that social equity status
and the sense of fairness are linked， but the moral concept on which the perception
of fairness is based has changed with the transformation of society in specific
historical periods. This study extends the research on social equity perceptions to the
macro鄄process and dynamic analysis of social structural transformation and people’s
mentality transformation. It overcomes the relatively crude measurement of
intergenerational mobility distance as well as the treatment of social equity
perceptions as a static factor in previous studies. In this regard， it offers an
important direction for future research to investigate deeper into the tension between
subjective and objective equity and explore a new model of social stratification.
Keywords：perceptions about social equity， social transformation， mindset
transformation， intergenerational mobility

一、 问题的提出

公平感在国家治理和社会发展的过程中扮演着重要角色。 回顾历
史，“以经济建设为中心”的市场改革以及“效率优先”的指导原则促成

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