Page 132 - 《社会》2022年第1期

求助悖论：疾病众筹的社会经济地位差异

social contribution to the society. Public opinions and sentiment highlight two practical
issues：Are the resources being directed to the people who need the most？ And how can
we optimize the crowdfunding？ To tackle these questions，we focus on the issue of how
the socioeconomic status of help seekers affect their internet fundraising outcomes. We
ask three research questions：What is the correlation between the socio鄄economic status
of help seekers and their crowdfunding effectiveness？ What are the underlying
mechanisms for success？ Is there a possible optimization path for crowdfunding？ Our
data is based on the 1 930 fundraising cases from a large medical crowdfunding platform
in China. The study finds significant differences in effectiveness among different socio鄄
economic status groups. Higher SES status correlate with higher donation figures，
fundraising target completions，a larger number of donations received and more cross鄄
social media platform reposting. This socio鄄economic gradient phenomenon contradicts
the social expectation of prioritizing help to the most needed in medical crowdfunding.
The analysis of mediation effect also shows that the offline interpersonal network plays
an important intermediary role. While good case narratives are helpful but they are not
the intermediary mechanism that links the family’s socio鄄economic status and
crowdfunding effect. Further analysis also finds that when fundraising begins with
WeChat friends circles and then moves to public platforms，the impact of socioeconomic
gradient seems to reduce its significance.
Keywords：medical crowdfunding，health inequality，social capital，cultural capital，
mobile internet

移动互联网技术在我国的迅速发展与普及， 不仅改变了社会和经
济系统的运行模式，也深刻地影响着不同阶层成员的生活机遇（王迪、
王汉生，2016）。其中，依托于移动互联网的疾病众筹平台（如轻松筹、水
滴筹）重塑了传统的疾病社会救助体系：疾病救助的发起方从政府组织
和社会公益机构延展至亿万百姓，民众可以成为求助项目的发起者，为
自己发声，而不再需要被第三方遴选。 作为全世界最大的发展中国家，
我国的综合国力和社会保障水平仍有较大的提升空间， 此时有效依靠
社会力量开展疾病救助就显得尤为重要。 作为社会医疗保障的重要补
充， 互联网疾病众筹为许多经济基础薄弱的大病重病家庭回归正常生
活提供了新途径。

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