Page 88 - 《社会》2021年第5期

社会形态学—人文生态学的知识谱系与“社会学中国化”的路径选择

Granet exerted a significant influence on sociological and anthropological research in
Europe, including a series of important works produced in conjunction with human
ecology by French urban sociology. In comparison， such influences were much lesser
on American sociology as it was dominated by the tradition of human ecology. The
development of modern Chinese sociology followed a similar pattern. The ideas and
researches of Wu Wenzao， Yang Kun and others， each with different academic
traditions， influenced the path choice of the Chinese adaptation of sociology in the
1930s-40s， and ultimately helped shape the research style of the “Chinese School of
Sociology”. This is most evident in a series of achievements in community studies.
However， due to its potential shortcomings， community research attracted critical
scrutinies from Leach， Friedman and others. In his later years， influenced to some
extent by the Durkheim School， Fei Xiaotong reflected on the criticism and brought
changes in Chinese contemporary community research. A number of excellent works
emerged， focusing on totality and cross community boundaries， emphasizing historical
dimensions and event processes， and centering on local issues. In a sense， this can be
regarded as a confluence of social morphology and human ecology in a Chinese context
occurred a century later.
Keywords：social morphology， human ecology， localization of Chinese sociology，
community studies

一、芝加哥的涂尔干主义者

1930 年的秋天，涂尔干弟子、时任斯特拉斯堡大学教授的哈布瓦赫
（Maurice Halbwachs） 受 芝 加 哥 大 学 社 会 学 系 主 任 法 里 斯（Ellsworth
Faris）的邀请访问该校，并在秋季学期讲授“当代法国社会学”和“自杀
问题”的课程，为期三个月。 其间，哈布瓦赫见到了帕克（ Robert Park）、
伯吉斯（Ernest Burgess）等芝加哥社会学派的代表人物，不过和他交往
最多的还是统计学家、技术社会学家奥格本（William Ogburn）。 哈布瓦
赫漫步于这座陌生而新鲜的城市， 阅读了芝加哥社会学派发表于 1925
年的宣言书《城市》（帕克等，2016）等作品，同时还留下了大量文字，包
括给家人和同事的信件、报刊专栏等。
哈布瓦赫从美国回去后发表了三篇相关的论文，其中一篇名为《芝
加哥：种族经验》（Halbwachs， 1932），于 1932 年在《经济社会史年鉴》上

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