Page 39 - 《社会》2021年第5期

社会·2021·5

towards （im）migrants have put forward various theoretical hypotheses but have largely
neglected the importance of cohort comparison. While some studies suggested that
young people are more friendly towards （im）migrants, others had opposite findings.
This suggests that the identification and interpretation of cohort effects must take into
consideration of the specific socioeconomic conditions in which young people are
located. In this paper， we compare cohort variations in attitudes towards（im）migrants
in Hong Kong and Shanghai， two cities under “One country， Two systems” framework
in China. We also examine previous explanations such as macroeconomic environment，
individual economic interests， fiscal or welfare responsibilities， group threats or
contacts， and local or national identity， and etc. We find that the interweaving effect of
these factors resulted in differences among the young people in Hong Kong and
Shanghai in their attitudes towards （im）migrants. Relative to older generations， young
people in Shanghai are more acceptant than their counterparts in Hong Kong towards
migrants. Such a difference can be partially explained by education， life satisfaction
and local identity. The differences in the three factors as well as their associations are
correlated to the acceptant or resistant attitudes towards（im）migrants， resulting in the
cohort difference between the two global cities. In terms of magnitude of mediation
effects， while education and life satisfaction have strong influences in Shanghai， local
identity plays a dominant role in Hong Kong. Therefore， in order to alleviate negative
attitudes towards （im）migrants， it is necessary to take measures in fundamentals such
as boosting economic development and promoting equitable benefit distribution，
restraining local identity and fostering dual identity， improving education and
delivering inclusive values.
Keywords：migrants，cohort，Hong Kong， Shanghai

移民对流入地社会的影响是双重的， 既有促进当地经济社会发展
等积极的一面，也有造成资源和群体关系紧张等消极的一面。 本地人对
移民的态度是我们了解移民对流入地社会影响的一个重要切入口。 对
于本地人对大量涌入的移民群体的态度问题， 在移民历史悠久的欧美
学术界已有许多研究，并对态度形成机制做了理论归纳和解释，但中国
学者对这一问题的关注还比较少， 大多数研究只是从农民工或外来人
口的角度探讨移民群体如何融入城市（郭星华、储卉娟，2004；张文宏、

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